Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is extensively grown by resource-poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics where many abiotic and biotic stresses limit the crop’s productivity and seed quality. Therefore, groundnut improvement programs largely focus on developing high-yielding elite cultivars resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several researchers evaluated groundnut mini-core collection and reported several trait-specific accessions for yield, quality, and stress tolerance traits. Further, considering published records and the performance of mini core accessions against various biotic and abiotic stresses, a total of 56 accessions from different countries/combinations of different traits offer a great opportunity for breeders to develop elite cultivars for enhancing yield and quality. These subsets can be utilized for genetic and genomic investigations to understand the mechanism of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.