- Caroxylon agrigentinum
- Caroxylon agrigentinum (Guss.) C.Brullo, Brullo, Giusso, Guarino & Iamonico
- Caroxylon cyclophyllum
- Caroxylon cyclophyllum (Baker) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon dendroides
- Caroxylon dendroides (Pall.) Tzvelev
- Caroxylon ericoides
- Caroxylon ericoides (M.Bieb.) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon gaetulum
- Caroxylon gaetulum (Maire) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon gemmascens
- Caroxylon gemmascens (Pall.) Tzvelev
- Caroxylon imbricatum
- Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) Moq.
- Caroxylon incanescens
- Caroxylon incanescens (C.A.Mey.) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon inermis
- Caroxylon inermis (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon micrantherum
- Caroxylon micrantherum (Botsch.) Sukhor.
- Caroxylon nitrarium
- Caroxylon nitrarium (Pall.) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon nodulosum
- Caroxylon nodulosum Moq.
- Caroxylon roshevitzii
- Caroxylon roshevitzii (Iljin) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon sp.
- Caroxylon tetrandrum
- Caroxylon tetrandrum (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon turkestanicum
- Caroxylon turkestanicum (Litv.) Akhani & Roalson
- Caroxylon vermiculatum
- Caroxylon vermiculatum (L.) Akhani & Roalson