The genomic analysis conducted in this study identified multiple genes and DNA regions associated with heat tolerance in common bean, explaining up to approximately 68% of the phenotypic variation of this trait using advanced models. These findings confirm that the response to heat stress is a complex but quantifiable process involving multiple loci distributed across the genome. The robustness of the applied models enabled the detection of consistent and biologically meaningful signals, particularly those related to stress-response genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs).

Based on these results, a subset of accessions exhibiting strong adaptive potential was identified. In particular, five accessions — G2648, G23511A, G13094, G12869, and G11071 — stood out for presenting favorable combinations of associated markers, suggesting an enhanced genetic capacity to tolerate high-temperature conditions. These accessions not only harbor key variants in relevant genes but also show consistent patterns across multiple analytical models, reinforcing their reliability as promising genetic resources.

Overall, these findings indicate that these five accessions represent a strategic resource for breeding programs aimed at climate change adaptation. Their identification, supported by robust genomic evidence, provides opportunities for their use as parental lines in crossing schemes or as a foundation for genomic selection studies. Thus, this study not only advances the understanding of the genetic architecture underlying heat tolerance but also offers direct applications for the development of more resilient common bean varieties