Culm Angle - rice direct-seeded in rows.

Measure the highest leaf below the flag leaf (penultimate leaf) on the main culm from the ligule to the tip of the blade on five representative plants. Calculate average to nearest centimeter.

Measure at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf (i.e. highest leaf below the flag leaf) on the main culm on five representative plants. Calculate average to nearest cm. Oryza sativa leaf can be coded as narrow (< 1 cm), internediate (1-2 cm) or broad (>2 cm).

Length of main axis of panicle measured from the panicle base to the tip. Record the average of five representative plants. Stage: 7 days after anthesis or upon full panicle exsertion.

Ligule length in millimeter

Ligule shape

Culm diameter of basal internode at reproductive in millimeter

Measured from ground level to the base of the panicle. Record the average of five actual measurements, to the nearest cm.

Count tillers with panicles and those without panicles on 5 samples

Count only the tillers with panicles on 5 samples.