Measured as the outer diameter of basal portion of the main culm. Cultivated species: record average of three representative plants during flowering or at late reproductive stage.

Culm length at reproductive in centimeter

Recorded as the total number of grain-bearing and non-bearing tillers on five plants (see descriptor 5.6, Field spacing). Stage: after anthesis to near maturity.

Measure width at the widest portion of the flag leaf on five representative plants. Calculate average to nearest cm. Stage: 7 days after anthesis

Measure at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf (i.e. highest leaf below the flag leaf) on the main culm on five representative plants. Calculate average to nearest cm. Cultivated species: measure at early reproductive stage.

Measured on five samples from base of collar to the tip of the ligule of the penultimate leaf, i.e. the leaf below the flag leaf. Stage: after anthesis

Record the number of panicles per plant (see descriptor 5.6, Field spacing). Stage: early ripening

Record the average length of 10 representative spikelets. Cultivated species: measure the longest awn. Stage: maturity

(Cultivated species). Random sample of 100 well-developed, whole grains, dried to 13% moisture content. Weigh on a precision balance

(Cultivated species). Length of main axis of panicle measured from base to the tip. Record the average of five representative plants.

The abundance of well-developed spikelets as a percentage of the total number of spikelets on five representative panicles.