The ‘Key descriptors for Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube)’ consists of an initial minimum set of characterization and evaluation descriptors for this species. This strategic set aims at facilitating access to and utilization of this African indigenous fruit tree. Ziziphus mauritiana, commonly known as jujube, ber or Indian jujube, is an important multipurpose fruit tree of the hot and dry lowland tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa. It belongs to the family Rhamnaceae.

Jujube is native to Central and South Asia, and natural populations elsewhere have been attributed to ancient introductions. It is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, where it is found in cultivation or naturalized. Jujube has spread through cultivation and natural dispersal to over 100 countries in Africa, Australia, the Americas, and many Indian and Pacific Ocean Islands.

Jujube occurs naturally in dry deciduous and scrub forest in lowland areas. It thrives in extremely dry habitats, even yielding fruit under low rainfall and high temperatures. The tree grows on a wide range of soils, tolerates temperature extremes, and low and erratic rainfall. It withstands seasonal waterlogging and tolerates drought and high alkaline soils.

Jujube is an important fruit in the dry areas of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa contributing to food security and household income. Improved cultivars are planted for commercial fruit production. The fruit is a good source of vitamin C, sugars, and minerals including iron. Fruits are consumed fresh or processed into beverages, preserved by drying or candying. Fruits, seeds, leaves, bark and roots have medicinal applications. Leaves provide excellent fodder. The wood is used for making household implements and provides fuelwood and charcoal.

Jujube is an important component of dryland agroforestry systems where it is planted for fruit production, soil improvement, and live fencing.