Measure the penultimate leaf (i.e. highest leaf below the flag leaf) on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade, on five representative plants. Calculate average to nearest cm. Measure at early reproductive stage.

Measure at the widest portion of the penultimate leaf (i.e. highest leaf below the flag leaf) on the main culm on five representative plants. Calculate average to nearest cm. Measure at early reproductive stage.

Measured from ground level to the base of the panicle. Record the average of five actual measurements, to the nearest cm.

Length of main axis of panicle measured from the panicle base to the tip. Record the average of five representative plants. Stage: 7 days after anthesis or upon full panicle exsertion.

Culm Angle - rice direct-seeded in rows.

Culm diameter of basal internode at reproductive in millimeter

Count tillers with panicles and those without panicles on 5 samples

Count only the tillers with panicles on 5 samples.

Ligule length in millimeter

Ligule shape