Observe the plants from more than one meter away from the furrow where they are located, observe the habit or form of growth that the 10 plants have adopted. It is coded or recorded with 1 digit

Choose a representative plant (most luxuriant plant) and on it determine the main stem (best developed stem). The shape of the leaf is the reading of the dissection of the leaves, it will be determined in the leaf located in the middle of the main stem of the evaluated plant and it will be marked with a tape, preferably red, so that this plant can be subsequently characterized in the following phases or stages of growth and development. Another alternative to avoid marking is to characterize every 3 plants from the beginning of the furrow

Choose a representative plant (most luxuriant plant) and on it determine the main stem (best developed stem). The shape of the leaf is the reading of the dissection of the leaves, it will be determined in the leaf located in the middle of the main stem of the evaluated plant and it will be marked with a tape, preferably red, so that this plant can be subsequently characterized in the following phases or stages of growth and development. Another alternative to avoid marking is to characterize every 3 plants from the beginning of the furrow

Choose a representative plant (most luxuriant plant) and on it determine the main stem (best developed stem). The shape of the leaf is the reading of the dissection of the leaves, it will be determined in the leaf located in the middle of the main stem of the evaluated plant and it will be marked with a tape, preferably red, so that this plant can be subsequently characterized in the following phases or stages of growth and development. Another alternative to avoid marking is to characterize every 3 plants from the beginning of the furrow

Choose a representative plant (most luxuriant plant) and on it determine the main stem (best developed stem). The shape of the leaf is the reading of the dissection of the leaves, it will be determined in the leaf located in the middle of the main stem of the evaluated plant and it will be marked with a tape, preferably red, so that this plant can be subsequently characterized in the following phases or stages of growth and development. Another alternative to avoid marking is to characterize every 3 plants from the beginning of the furrow

It consists of determining the degree of stem pigmentation according to the descriptors, i.e. the proportion of purple-gold pigmentations versus green areas, along the main stem of the plant being evaluated. 1 digit is coded. (This same scale describes the color of the calyx). For the determination proceed as follows: observe only the entire length of the main stem of the plant being evaluated; to determine if the value 1 corresponds is easy, since that stem should not have noticeable pigments at first sight along it, that is to say it is a green stem (the intensity of the green does not matter), to determine which of the values corresponds between 2 to 5, observe first what is predominant (more than 50% of the surface exposed by the stem), if the green color or the pigmented one predominates

If it is the first case, that is to say that green predominates, then we will be faced with the lower possibilities whose values are 2 and 3, then we ask ourselves: If within that majority of green there are few or many pigmented spots..., depending on the case we will choose 2 (few spots within the predominance by green) or 3 (many spots within the predominance by green), depending on the case we will opt for 2 (few spots within the predominance of green) or 3 (many spots within the predominance of green); if it is the opposite case, i.e. predominance of pigmented then we will be facing the upper possibilities whose values are 4 and 5, immediately we ask ourselves: If within that majority of pigmented there is abundant or little green? depending on the case we will opt for 4 (abundant green within the predominance of pigmented) or 5 (little green within the predominance of pigmented); to opt for values 6 and 7 the evaluated stems have practically no green areas noticeable to the naked eye and we will opt for 6 if the pigment is reddish (red pigment on green background of the stem actually gives the impression of brown) or for 7 if the pigment is purple

Stem wing shape, first simply note the absence equal to 0 (very low frequency) or presence (very high frequency) and within this second alternative determine the most common shape adopted by the wings over the entire length of the main stem under evaluation. One digit is read. In this case the width of these lamellae or the length of these lamellae in the internode are not important

We determine the degree of flowering in the plant that is being characterized and that reached its maximum growth, 1 digit is coded

First we observe the absence or presence of flowering; when there is no flowering, we observe carefully if this is due to the absence of inflorescences even if these are rudimentary and consequently absence of flower buds, in this case they will have value 0, if there are inflorescences even if they are quite small or rudimentary or if they present abortion or abscission of small flower buds at the level of the pedicel joint, in this case they will have value 1; or if on the contrary there is presence of flowering, we will observe the intensity or degree of flowering; in this part we must consider that the different cultivars have different flowering periods, both in the beginning and in the duration of flowering (cultivars that flower in 1, 2 or 3 stages, corresponding to flowering of main inflorescence, inflorescence of secondary stems and flowering of branches); thus, it will take a value of 3 equivalent to scarce flowering, when there is usually the presence of about 2 to 4 flowers (buds, flowers, fruits and/or flower abscission) per inflorescence; it will take a value of 5 equivalent to moderate flowering, when there are usually 8 to 12 flowers (buds, flowers, fruits and/or flower abscission) per inflorescence; and finally it will take value 7 which is equivalent to profuse flowering, when there are usually around 18 to 20 or more flowers (buds or buds, flowers, fruits and/or abscission of flowers) per inflorescence, particularly smaller numbers of flowers per inflorescence can also occur as in the two previous levels (3 and 5) but there are many inflorescences per plant, this condition or aspect shows a profuse flowering; exceptionally, 90 to 120 flowers and buds per inflorescence are known in very few entries of the potato collection, these are also considered at this level. If we are comparing the same cultivars with different origins, all entries should flower at about the same time and with the same intensity. If they do not flower, the requirements for flower induction should be the same for all of them

To determine the corolla shape, 1 digit is coded. It is evaluated on a fully open flower, if necessary by blowing on the beam of a flower held between the fingers to expand it fully. There are three alternatives to evaluate: 1st alternative, while blowing the geometric shape of the outer edge of the set of the 5 petals that make up the corolla is examined and compared with the scheme to assign the value as appropriate (it is the simplest alternative but blowing longer to expand the entire flower and at altitudinal levels where oxygen is lower, this is important for the evaluator); 2nd alternative, while blowing, the external edge between two contiguous acuminates is examined by passing an imaginary line between these extremes or contiguous acuminates (blue line in the diagrams), if the imaginary line is parallel to the examined edge of the corolla, i.e. the imaginary line is confused with the examined edge, we are facing the pentagonal shape that has value 5, if there is deficiency to reach the imaginary line (gray triangular areas towards the central part of the corolla, observe Fig. 5), then we are in front of 2 possibilities: semi-stellate whose value is 3, when the deficiency is minor and stellate whose value is 1, when the deficiency is major; if on the contrary there is excess that is to say the edge of the corolla exceeds the imaginary line (gray areas of semi-circular segments towards the external part of the corolla, see Fig. 5), then we are facing 2 other possibilities: rotated whose value is 7, when the excess is lower and very rotated whose value is 9, when the excess is higher; normally potato flowers are pentamerous, but sometimes hexamerous (anomalous) flowers are present, in this situation this alternative is better applied (it is the most accurate alternative and less time is blown to expand only one side of the corolla); 3rd alternative, consider the relationships L and B, where: B = petal width, L = length from petal junction to acumen. To achieve these relations it is necessary to expand the corolla and sometimes it is necessary to herborize, that takes time and labor, besides the relations L<<<B and L<<<<<B, are not very rational, so the use of this alternative is not recommended

The corolla color is evaluated on a recently opened flower and mainly during the morning hours if we do not have the chart. With the help of a color chart (Fig. 6), elaborated for this purpose, the main or predominant color (color in greater proportion) is determined, these main colors are distributed horizontally in the table and the codes are the numbers that precede, one of these values becomes the first digit to describe the color of the corolla; the intensity of the main color is read in the same color table and is located vertically, the codes are at the top, one of these corresponds to the second digit; if there is a secondary color indicate to which code it belongs and this corresponds to the third digit and immediately evaluate how this secondary color is distributed both in the beam and in the middle of the corolla, for this see Fig. 7. Four digits are read. The color chart allows to make comparative evaluations with the colors of the flowers in a wide range of illumination, ranging from penumbra to direct sunlight, since the effects of light will be similar both in the colors of the flower and in the colors of the chart, when reading them together. (Avoid exposing the color chart for a long time to sunlight). If there is no secondary color because the third digit will be equal to 0 (zero) and therefore it cannot have distribution, then the fourth digit will also be 0

The corolla color is evaluated on a recently opened flower and mainly during the morning hours if we do not have the chart. With the help of a color chart (Fig. 6), elaborated for this purpose, the main or predominant color (color in greater proportion) is determined, these main colors are distributed horizontally in the table and the codes are the numbers that precede, one of these values becomes the first digit to describe the color of the corolla; the intensity of the main color is read in the same color table and is located vertically, the codes are at the top, one of these corresponds to the second digit; if there is a secondary color indicate to which code it belongs and this corresponds to the third digit and immediately evaluate how this secondary color is distributed both in the beam and in the middle of the corolla, for this see Fig. 7. Four digits are read. The color chart allows to make comparative evaluations with the colors of the flowers in a wide range of illumination, ranging from penumbra to direct sunlight, since the effects of light will be similar both in the colors of the flower and in the colors of the chart, when reading them together. (Avoid exposing the color chart for a long time to sunlight). If there is no secondary color because the third digit will be equal to 0 (zero) and therefore it cannot have distribution, then the fourth digit will also be 0

The corolla color is evaluated on a recently opened flower and mainly during the morning hours if we do not have the chart. With the help of a color chart (Fig. 6), elaborated for this purpose, the main or predominant color (color in greater proportion) is determined, these main colors are distributed horizontally in the table and the codes are the numbers that precede, one of these values becomes the first digit to describe the color of the corolla; the intensity of the main color is read in the same color table and is located vertically, the codes are at the top, one of these corresponds to the second digit; if there is a secondary color indicate to which code it belongs and this corresponds to the third digit and immediately evaluate how this secondary color is distributed both in the beam and in the middle of the corolla, for this see Fig. 7. Four digits are read. The color chart allows to make comparative evaluations with the colors of the flowers in a wide range of illumination, ranging from penumbra to direct sunlight, since the effects of light will be similar both in the colors of the flower and in the colors of the chart, when reading them together. (Avoid exposing the color chart for a long time to sunlight). If there is no secondary color because the third digit will be equal to 0 (zero) and therefore it cannot have distribution, then the fourth digit will also be 0

The corolla color is evaluated on a recently opened flower and mainly during the morning hours if we do not have the chart. With the help of a color chart (Fig. 6), elaborated for this purpose, the main or predominant color (color in greater proportion) is determined, these main colors are distributed horizontally in the table and the codes are the numbers that precede, one of these values becomes the first digit to describe the color of the corolla; the intensity of the main color is read in the same color table and is located vertically, the codes are at the top, one of these corresponds to the second digit; if there is a secondary color indicate to which code it belongs and this corresponds to the third digit and immediately evaluate how this secondary color is distributed both in the beam and in the middle of the corolla, for this see Fig. 7. Four digits are read. The color chart allows to make comparative evaluations with the colors of the flowers in a wide range of illumination, ranging from penumbra to direct sunlight, since the effects of light will be similar both in the colors of the flower and in the colors of the chart, when reading them together. (Avoid exposing the color chart for a long time to sunlight). If there is no secondary color because the third digit will be equal to 0 (zero) and therefore it cannot have distribution, then the fourth digit will also be 0

Anther pigmentation is determined in the same flower where corolla color was evaluated. Note the presence of reddish or red-brown pigments and their location in the anthers. These pigments are different from the normal yellow of the anthers (light yellow, intense yellow, even orange are considered normal). Often for this reading it is necessary to use large flower buds close to opening, in which the thecae have not yet opened the pollen pore and let the pollen out. In this process, the detail of this area has been lost; in open flowers, the pigmentations of the anther apices should not be read

Pigmentation in the pistil is determined in the same flower where the color of the corolla is evaluated; we will observe the absence or presence of purple or reddish pigmentations in the pistil and the location or distribution of these; it is necessary to help us with the fingernail to observe pigmentations in the inner wall of the ovary. It is coded 1 digit

The color scale for calyx color is similar to that of the stem. In the calyx of the flower we are evaluating, we will determine the proportion of purple or reddish pigmentations against the green areas of the sepals; observe also in the calyx of other flowers of neighboring plants that may be in the same row. It is coded 1 digit

Pedicel color, on the inflorescence from which the flower was taken for evaluation, is determined by the absence or presence of pigments and their distribution along the pedicel, including the observation of pigments at the joint. It is coded 1 digit

Berry color. On berries of marked plants, note the presence or absence of pigmentations other than green, and the distribution of pigments in the berry skin. One digit is coded

Berry shape. Determine the shape or silhouette of the berry, paying attention to the presence or absence of the terminal mucro (small, hard, cone-shaped protuberance at the apex of berries of some entries). Code 1 digit

Conditions of Huancayo-Fundo La Victoria

Maturity is the period from planting to harvest. It can be evaluated at 120 days, using the experience of many evaluations that tell us how to recognize at once the different maturity levels

• The presence of plants whose stems lying on the furrow are completely dry and leaden and have lost their leaves, and if they have had berries, these are completely soft, indicating that they have been ripe for more than a month, so we are dealing with a very early entry;
• If we find plants whose stems are mostly dry brown, which have not yet lost their leaves and whose berries can still be macerated, i.e. are senescent, we are dealing with an early entry;
• If we find plants whose stems are somewhat weak or drooping, whose leaves look pale and flaccid (not because of disease, but because of maturity or senescence) and whose berries have reached their maximum development but are still hard, or also that the few green parts correspond only to secondary or tertiary branches and the rest is pale, i.e. have reached physiological maturity, then we are dealing with an entry of medium maturity;
• If we observe plants that are still green and robust, but that no longer flower or if they do, there are few flowers and somewhat smaller than the previous ones, these are only from inflorescences that come from secondary or tertiary branches, and their berries are generally still immature, then we are dealing with late entries;
• If we are finally dealing with fairly robust, fully green plants that are in full bloom and fruiting is just beginning, we are dealing with very late entries

Tuber skin color. With the help of the color chart for tubers (Fig. 11), determine the main or predominant color, from 1 to 9 (first digit), and the intensity of the same, from 1 to 3 (second digit); then observe the absence = 0 or presence = 1 to 9, of some secondary color as the case may be (third digit), if it exists, determine how the secondary color is distributed in the tuber skin, with the help of the scheme (Fig. 12) of distribution of the secondary color of the tuber (fourth digit). Four digits are read

Tuber skin color. With the help of the color chart for tubers (Fig. 11), determine the main or predominant color, from 1 to 9 (first digit), and the intensity of the same, from 1 to 3 (second digit); then observe the absence = 0 or presence = 1 to 9, of some secondary color as the case may be (third digit), if it exists, determine how the secondary color is distributed in the tuber skin, with the help of the scheme (Fig. 12) of distribution of the secondary color of the tuber (fourth digit). Four digits are read

Tuber skin color. With the help of the color chart for tubers (Fig. 11), determine the main or predominant color, from 1 to 9 (first digit), and the intensity of the same, from 1 to 3 (second digit); then observe the absence = 0 or presence = 1 to 9, of some secondary color as the case may be (third digit), if it exists, determine how the secondary color is distributed in the tuber skin, with the help of the scheme (Fig. 12) of distribution of the secondary color of the tuber (fourth digit). Four digits are read

Tuber skin color. With the help of the color chart for tubers (Fig. 11), determine the main or predominant color, from 1 to 9 (first digit), and the intensity of the same, from 1 to 3 (second digit); then observe the absence = 0 or presence = 1 to 9, of some secondary color as the case may be (third digit), if it exists, determine how the secondary color is distributed in the tuber skin, with the help of the scheme (Fig. 12) of distribution of the secondary color of the tuber (fourth digit). Four digits are read

Tuber shape (Figs. 13 and 14). On the same tubers where the skin color has been read, note the general shape of the tubers, which corresponds to the first digit; the ratio of tuber diameter to tuber length delimits the general shapes: When the diameter (D) is greater than the length (L)of the tuber (distance between the base and the apex of the tuber), i.e. D>L, it is the compressed shape; when the diameter is similar in all directions D≈L, it is the round shape; when the ratio of the length of the tuber and its diameter is between L1:D1 (quadrilateral) to L1.5:D1, it is oblong shape; when the ratio is between L1.5:D1 to L3:D1, it is an elongated oblong shape and when the ratio is higher, L>3:D1, it is an elongated shape; when the diameter is variable in the same tubercle, that is to say, they present almost triangular shapes, we have two alternatives: if D is narrow towards the apex and wider towards the base, we have the oval shape; if on the contrary the diameter of the apical part is greater than that of the base of the tuber, we have the ovate shape; if the diameters both towards the base and towards the apex decrease rapidly, we have the elliptical shape. Continue with the determination of the absence or presence of shape variants or unusual shapes (Fig. 14) that generates the second digit; accompany with the evaluation of the depth of eyes of the same tubers, gives rise to the third digit

Tuber shape (Figs. 13 and 14). On the same tubers where the skin color has been read, note the general shape of the tubers, which corresponds to the first digit; the ratio of tuber diameter to tuber length delimits the general shapes: When the diameter (D) is greater than the length (L)of the tuber (distance between the base and the apex of the tuber), i.e. D>L, it is the compressed shape; when the diameter is similar in all directions D≈L, it is the round shape; when the ratio of the length of the tuber and its diameter is between L1:D1 (quadrilateral) to L1.5:D1, it is oblong shape; when the ratio is between L1.5:D1 to L3:D1, it is an elongated oblong shape and when the ratio is higher, L>3:D1, it is an elongated shape; when the diameter is variable in the same tubercle, that is to say, they present almost triangular shapes, we have two alternatives: if D is narrow towards the apex and wider towards the base, we have the oval shape; if on the contrary the diameter of the apical part is greater than that of the base of the tuber, we have the ovate shape; if the diameters both towards the base and towards the apex decrease rapidly, we have the elliptical shape. Continue with the determination of the absence or presence of shape variants or unusual shapes (Fig. 14) that generates the second digit; accompany with the evaluation of the depth of eyes of the same tubers, gives rise to the third digit

Tuber shape (Figs. 13 and 14). On the same tubers where the skin color has been read, note the general shape of the tubers, which corresponds to the first digit; the ratio of tuber diameter to tuber length delimits the general shapes: When the diameter (D) is greater than the length (L)of the tuber (distance between the base and the apex of the tuber), i.e. D>L, it is the compressed shape; when the diameter is similar in all directions D≈L, it is the round shape; when the ratio of the length of the tuber and its diameter is between L1:D1 (quadrilateral) to L1.5:D1, it is oblong shape; when the ratio is between L1.5:D1 to L3:D1, it is an elongated oblong shape and when the ratio is higher, L>3:D1, it is an elongated shape; when the diameter is variable in the same tubercle, that is to say, they present almost triangular shapes, we have two alternatives: if D is narrow towards the apex and wider towards the base, we have the oval shape; if on the contrary the diameter of the apical part is greater than that of the base of the tuber, we have the ovate shape; if the diameters both towards the base and towards the apex decrease rapidly, we have the elliptical shape. Continue with the determination of the absence or presence of shape variants or unusual shapes (Fig. 14) that generates the second digit; accompany with the evaluation of the depth of eyes of the same tubers, gives rise to the third digit

Tuber flesh color. Also with the help of the tuber color chart (Fig. 11, only some colors are used), determine the main color, corresponds to the first digit; the absence or presence of any secondary color, means the second digit and the distribution (Fig. 15) of this if any, corresponds to the third digit. Three digits are read. In this evaluation the intensity of the main color is not determined, since there are not many variants

Tuber flesh color. Also with the help of the tuber color chart (Fig. 11, only some colors are used), determine the main color, corresponds to the first digit; the absence or presence of any secondary color, means the second digit and the distribution (Fig. 15) of this if any, corresponds to the third digit. Three digits are read. In this evaluation the intensity of the main color is not determined, since there are not many variants

Tuber flesh color. Also with the help of the tuber color chart (Fig. 11, only some colors are used), determine the main color, corresponds to the first digit; the absence or presence of any secondary color, means the second digit and the distribution (Fig. 15) of this if any, corresponds to the third digit. Three digits are read. In this evaluation the intensity of the main color is not determined, since there are not many variants

Bud color. It consists of the determination of the main color (first digit), the presence or absence of the secondary color (second digit) and the distribution (third digit) of this if it exists in the shoots that reach a length between 1.5 and 2 cm. The shoots should not be green. Three digits are read

Bud color. It consists of the determination of the main color (first digit), the presence or absence of the secondary color (second digit) and the distribution (third digit) of this if it exists in the shoots that reach a length between 1.5 and 2 cm. The shoots should not be green. Three digits are read

Bud color. It consists of the determination of the main color (first digit), the presence or absence of the secondary color (second digit) and the distribution (third digit) of this if it exists in the shoots that reach a length between 1.5 and 2 cm. The shoots should not be green. Three digits are read